What Is Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF)? This is Part 2  in the series “What Is Heart Failure?” In Part 1 , we explained what heart failure actually means - that the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs. But did you know that about half of all the people with heart failure have a preserved  pumping function? So, what does that really mean? Echcardiography of a heart with HFpEF When the heart pumps normally - but still fails When

Case Presentation A woman in her 20s was admitted with sudden-onset palpitations lasting approximately three hours before arrival. On admission, she was clammy, cold, and diaphoretic, and reported pre-syncopal episodes. Blood pressure was 137/95 mmHg, and heart rate approximately 200 bpm. The admission ECG showed a wide-complexed, irregular tachycardia. Irregular wide-complexed tachycardia - Pre-excited AF Same ECG - More complexes (Standard leads) Same ECG - more complexes (

Heart failure is a common but often misunderstood condition. Many people think it means the heart has “stopped,” but that’s not the case. Heart failure means the heart is pumping less efficiently than before, and it can affect anyone, often without obvious symptoms in the early stages. Heart failure sounds dramatic — but it doesn’t mean that the heart has “stopped.”It means that the heart is not able to pump enough blood  to meet the body’s needs, either because the pumping f

A man in his 70s with a history of myocardial infarction was admitted with progressive dyspnea and findings consistent with heart failure. On admission, he had a regular tachycardia at approximately 116 bpm. ECG showed atrial tachycardia, and echocardiography revealed reduced left ventricular function with an ejection fraction (EF) of about 30%. Atrial tachycardia, 116 beats/min Apical 4-chamber view - The septal wall and apex are thin after previous myocardial infarction and

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an increasing public health challenge — but prevention is absolutely possible. Good control of blood pressure, body weight, blood sugar, and alcohol intake , along with appropriate management of heart failure and diabetes , can significantly reduce the risk of developing AF and its serious complications. Much has been written about what  atrial fibrillation is and how  it is treated. But far too little attention is given to how it can actually be p

Many people take Aspirin (Albyl-E)  “just to be safe” , but research shows it can do more harm than good. Here’s a clear overview of the different types of blood thinners, how they work, and who actually  benefits from them. Blood Thinners - Two Types, One Important Difference Not all “blood thinners” actually thin the blood Many people think blood thinners make the blood thinner . That’s not quite true. These medications affect how the blood clots , not how thick it is. Th

A previously healthy man in his 40s was admitted with chest pain considered atypical. The ECG showed ST elevations in aVL and in leads V2–V3, as well as ST depression in II, III, and aVF. T-wave inversions were also present in V3–V6. Despite these striking changes, the patient had preserved and tall R waves in the precordial leads. Echocardiography revealed no regional wall motion abnormalities, and troponin was as low as 4 ng/L. Because of the pronounced ECG changes and ches

When the heart beats in atrial fibrillation , the upper chambers (atria) lose their normal, coordinated contraction. As a result, blood doesn’t flow efficiently through the atria but tends to swirl and stagnate . When blood stands still, the risk of forming a blood clot  increases. If such a clot breaks loose, it can travel through the bloodstream to the brain and cause a stroke  – one of the most serious complications of atrial fibrillation.A clot can also travel to the legs

“Why does my heart rate graph look so messy when I work out?” That’s what Kari , who lives with permanent atrial fibrillation , asked me recently. She often trains with her friend Lise , whose heart rhythm is normal — sinus rhythm . They do the same workout, yet their heart rate graphs look completely different: Kari’s curve is irregular and jagged, while Lise’s is smooth and predictable. 💡 Read more about permanent atrial fibrillation 📊 The Heart Rate Graphs: Kari vs. Lise

🫀 What Is Atrial Fibrillation? Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a chaotic rhythm that starts in the heart’s upper chambers; the atria. Instead of beating in a steady rhythm, the heart fires off many small, irregular electrical signals that make it “fibrillate.” Typical symptoms include: 💢 Palpitations (a fast or fluttering heartbeat) 😮‍💨 Shortness of breath 🪫 Fatigue or reduced exercise tolerance The pulse can vary greatly, often around 150 beats per minute, but it’s differen

Irregular Pulse – What Was Wrong With the Heart? A 68-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because his heartbeat had been irregular...