Pacemakers and ICD

An implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) is a life-saving cardiac device, yet it is often perceived as complex in everyday clinical practice—particularly when explaining its function to patients.  This article provides a clear, practical overview of how ICDs work, how they differ from pacemakers, and how they detect and treat ventricular arrhythmias using anti-tachycardia pacing (ATP) and shock therapy. Written for healthcare professionals, the goal is to translate adv

Introduction Electrical storm and incessant ventricular tachycardia are among the most challenging conditions in acute cardiology, particularly in patients with structural heart disease and implanted cardiac devices. Rhythm diagnosis and selection of the correct treatment strategy can be difficult, and misclassification of arrhythmia may have serious clinical consequences. This case report describes the clinical course of a patient with ischemic cardiomyopathy and CRT-D, in w